Accelerator Physics for the HERA Luminosity Upgrade

When I moved to DESY in 1998, it had been planned to upgrade the HERA luminosity to 7.5 × 10³¹/(cm² s), which was 5 times the original design luminosity. This was to be achieved by decreasing the proton beam size by moving quadrupoles closer to the interaction point and by increasing their strength. Similar measures decrease the electron beam size. However, to match the smaller proton beam size, the horizontal electron emittance additionally has to be decreased. Several aspects of electron and proton beam dynamics had to be considered in order to allow these changes in HERA.

Publications

• Coherent beam-beam tune shift of unsymmetrical beam-beam interactions with large beam-beam parameter,
  L. Jin, J. Shi, G. H. Hoffstaetter, Physical Review E 71, 036501 (2005)
  
• Study of beam-beam effects in HERA with selfconsistent beam simulations,
  J. Shi, L. Jin, G. H. Hoffstaetter, Proceedings of PAC'03, Portland (May 2003)
• Experiences with the HERA beams,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter, M. Vogt, F. Willeke, ICFA Newsletter (May 2003)
• Report from the HERA Taskforce on Luminosity Optimization: Theory and First Luminosity Scans,
  M. Dohlus, G. H. Hoffstaetter, M. Lomperski, R. Wanzenberg, Report DESY-HERA-2003-01 (January 2003)
• Beam-beam Limit with Hourglass Effect in HERA,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter and F. Willeke, Proceedings of EPAC'02, Paris, France (June 2002)
• Measurement of HERA's Central RF frequency,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter, B. Holzer, F. Willeke, and A. Meseck, Proceedings of EPAC'02, Paris, France (June 2002)
• Luminosity Scans at HERA,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter, Proceedings of EPAC'02, Paris, France (June 2002)
• Destabilizing Effect of Linear Coupling in the HERA Proton Ring,
  E. Metral, G. H. Hoffstaetter and F. Willeke, Proceedings of EPAC'02, Paris, France (June 2002)
• Orbit-Response Matrix Analysis at HERA,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter and J. Keil, Proceedings of EPAC'02, Paris, France (June 2002)
• Bunched Beam Echoes in the HERA Proton Ring,
  I. Agapov, G. H. Hoffstaetter and E. Vogel, Proceedings of EPAC'02, Paris, France (June 2002)
• Beam based alignment of combined function magnets in the upgraded HERA interaction region,
  F. Brinker, W. Decking, G. H. Hoffstaetter, J. Keil, T. Limberg, M. Minty, M. Seidel, R. Wanzenberg, F. Willeke, Proceedings of EPAC'02, Paris, France (June 2002)
• Beam Based Alignment of Interaction Region Magnets,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter and F. Willeke, Physical Review ST-AB, Volume 5, 102801 (October 2002)
• The Luminosity Upgrade of HERA,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter for the HERA Luminosity Upgrade Group, Beam Dynamics Newsletter N0. 24 (April 2001)
• Future HERA High Luminosity Performance,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter and F. Willeke, Proceedings HEACC (March 2001)
  
• HERA Accelerator Studies 2000 ,
  Edited by G. H. Hoffstaetter, Report DESY-HERA-00-07 (November 2000)
• HERA Accelerator Studies,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter, Annual HERA Seminar (September 2000)
  Corresponding talk
• Future Possibilities for HERA,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter, EPAC 2000, Vienna (June 2000)
  Corresponding invited talk
• Electron Dynamics after the HERA Luminosity Upgrade,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter, EPAC 2000, Vienna (June 2000)
  Corresponding poster
• HERA accelerator studies 1999 ,
  Edited by G. H. Hoffstaetter, Report DESY-HERA-00-02 (May 2000)
• New Beam Optics for HERA-e: Theoretical Investigations and Experimental Tests ,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter, Proceedings of the HERA annual seminar, Report DESY-HERA-99-04 (1999)
• Recent and past experiences with beam-beam effects at HERA ,
  M. Bieler, E. Gianfelice-Wendt, G. H. Hoffstaetter, B. Holzer, S. Levonian, T. Limberg, M. Lomperski, M. Minty, Ch. Montag, R. Wanzenberg, M. Wendt, F. Willeke, K. Wittenburg, Proceedings of the Beam-beam-effects workshop, CERN (1999)
• Electron dynamics in the HERA luminosity upgrade lattice of the year 2000,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter and F. Willeke, Proceedings of PAC99 (1999)
• HERA machine studies December 1998 ,
  M. Bieler, E. Gianfelice-Wendt, G. H. Hoffstaetter, B. Holzer, C. Kleffner, T. Limberg, Ch. Montag, A. Meseck, M. Seidel, F. Solodovnik, M. Wendt, F. Willeke, K. Wittenburg, edited by G. H. Hoffstaetter, Report DESY-HERA-99-03 (March 1999)

Invited Talks

• Beam-Beam Experience in HERA,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter, 2nd EIC workshop, TJNAF, Newport News (March 2004)
• Electron-ion collisions and other options for HERA,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter, IPPP workshop on future physics at HERA, Grey College, Durham 2001 (December 2001)
• Lepton Hadron Colliders,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter, Snowmass workshop on the future of high energy physics 2001,(July 2001)
• Beam-beam Experiments with HERA's Proton and Electron Beams,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter, Snowmass workshop on the future of high energy physics 2001,(July 2001)
• Future HERA High Luminosity Performance,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter and F. Willeke, HEACC 2001, Tsukuba (March 2001)
• Future Possibilities for HERA,
  G. H. Hoffstaetter, EPAC 2000, Vienna (June 2000)

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