Georg Hoffstaetter’s section of "4410/6510: Advanced Physics Laboratory", Spring 2009
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Professor: |
Georg Hoffstaetter |
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(607)255-5197,
118 Newman Lab, Georg.Hoffstaetter@cornell.edu
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Mo |
01 / 19 / 09 |
115 Rockefeller Hall |
First laboratory |
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Tu |
01 / 20 / 09 |
3rd and 4th floor Clark Hall |
First lecture |
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03 / 16 – 03 / 20 / 09 |
Lab is closed during spring break |
Spring break |
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We |
04 / 29 / 09 |
3rd and 4th floor Clark Hall |
Last laboratory |
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Mo |
04 / 27 / 09 |
115 Rockefeller Hall |
Last lecture |
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05/07/09 and 05/08/09 |
Oral, individually arranged |
Final exam |
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Any day during the spring semester |
Without supervision |
Open laboratory |
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Tu |
13:25 - 16:25 |
3rd and 4th floor Clark Hall |
Laboratory |
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We |
13:25 - 16:25 |
3rd and 4th floor Clark Hall |
Laboratory |
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Mo |
14:30 - 15:20 |
115 Rockefeller Hall |
Lecture |
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02/23/09, 03/30/09, 05/06/09 |
Drop in letter box, 3rd floor Clark Hall |
Lab reports due |
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Individually arranged |
118 Newman Lab |
Office hours, Prof. Hoffstaetter |
Literature
· How to write a lab report
01/19/2009: Introduction
and assignment
of experiments
01/26/2009: Measurement techniques I
02/02/2009: Measurement techniques II
02/09/2009: Errors,
error analysis, statistics
02/16/2009: How to write a lab report
02/23/2009: Research ethics I
03/2/2009: Research ethics II
03/09/2009: Labs: Vacuum and Cryogenics
Advanced topics
Labs
The physics departments advanced laboratory has more than 50 experiments. The list of experiments described online here are those supervised by Georg Hoffstaetter.
Radio frequency transmission line study (advanced, 2.0 points)
[1] Instructions
[2] Two Way Zero Degree Power Splitter/Combiners
[3] Transmission-Line Equations
[4] Standard Level Double-Balanced Mixers
[5] Directional Couplers
[6] Double-Balanced Mixers
[7] Frequency Doublers
[8] Detection of Microwave Power
[9] Resonant-Cavity Characteristics: Measurement of Q
[10] High Power Amplifiers, Broadband
[11] Radiofrequency Circuit Elements
[12] Reference Data for Radio Engineers
[13] Power Splittler/Combiners
[14] Practical Analysis
[15] Photographs of the equipment
[16] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
Transmission line studies with nanosecond pulse techniques (simple, 1.5 points)
[1] Instructions
[2] Coaxial Cable Conductors
[3] Coaxial Cable Dielectrics
[4] Military RG/U Nomenclature
[5] Polyethylene and Teflon RG Cables
[6] Properties of Dielectrics Used in Coaxial Cables
[7] Pulse Response of Coaxial Cables
[8] Specs of Coaxial Cables Types
[9] Transmission Lines
[10] Photographs of the equipment
[11] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
Microwave resonant circuits (average, 2.0 points)
[1] Instructions (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
[2] Literature
[3] Photographs of the equipment
[4] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
Brownian motion (static and kinetic), Avogadro's number and Boltzmann's constant (simple, 1.5 points)
[1] Instructions
[2] Existence of Atoms
[3] Experiment to Measure Boltzmann's Constant
[4] Notes on G10
[5] Photographs of the equipment
[6] Microscope manual
[7] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
Mu-meson lifetime (2 setups) (average, 2.0 points) 0 points)
[1] Instructions
[2] Notes on Data Analysis
[3] Accelerator Schematic
[4] Accelerator Schematic .eps File
[5] Specs on Counters
[6] Detection of Cosmic Rays
[7] Specs on Differential Comparators
[8] Theory of Electromagnetic Interactions
[9] Variation of the Ratio of Positive to Negative Mu Mesons
[10] Specs on Multivibrators
[11] Total Nuclear Capture Rates for Negative Muons
[12] Photographs of the equipment
[13] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
Michelson interferometer (3 setups) (simple, 1.5 points)
[1] Instructions
[2] Procedure for Finding White Light Fringes
[3] Interference of Two Beams of Light
[4] Interference Spectroscopes
[5] Use of Grating to Find Interferometer White Light Fringes
[6] Photographs of the equipment
[7] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
Diffraction: Fraunhofer, Fresnel, Fourier image formation (simple, 2.0 points)
[1] Instructions
[2] Detailed Instructions
[3] Notes on Theory
[2] Elements of the Theory of Diffraction
[5] Diffraction from Feynman
[6] Introduction to Modern Optics
[7] Distinction between Fraunhofer and Fresnel Diffraction
[8] The Microscope
[9] Photographs of the equipment
[10] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
Polarization phenomena: electro- and magneto-optics (simple, 2.0 points)
[1] Instructions
[2] Wavelength and Temperature Dependence of the Faraday Effect
[3] Magnetic and Electric Fields
[4] New Aspects of Giant Exciton Faraday Rotation
[5] Laws of Radiation
[6] Faraday-rotation Spectra of Semimagnetic Semiconductors
[7] Photographs of the equipment
[8] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
Vibrational structure in the spectrum of molecular N2 (average, 2.0 points)
[1] Instructions
[2] Concave Gratings. Methods of Mounting
[3] An Introduction to Molecular Spectra
[4] The General Features of an Electronic-Banded Molecular Spectrum
[5] Photographs of the equipment
[6] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
Optical pumping in Rb (2 setups) (advanced, 2.0 points)
[1] Instructions
[2] S-10 Special Notes
[3] Alkalai Spectra
[4] Optical Pumping Theory and Experiments
[5] Magnetic Moments and Angular Momentum
[6] Multiplet Structure of Line Spectra and Electron Spin
[7] Optical Pumping
[8] Introduction to Modern Optics
[9] Physical Interpretation of Quantum Numbers and the Zeeman Effect
[10] Use of Rotating Coordinates in Magnetic Resonance Problems
[11] Optical Pumping
[12] Photographs of the equipment
[13] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
p-n junction: photo effect, Zener and tunnel diodes, e/k (2 setups) (advanced, 1.5 points)
[1] Instructions
[2] Literature
[3] Photographs of the equipment
[4] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
SS-14 Optical transmission of thin films (average, 2.0)
[1] Instructions
[2] Literature
[3] A Simple Method for the Determination of Optical Constants and the Thickness of a Thin Film
[4] Photographs of the equipment
[5] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
Z1 Charged particle beams (average, 2.0)
[1] Accelerator Instruction Manual
[2] Procedure
[3] SIMION Instructions
[4] Ion Extraction
[5] The Optical Properties of Electrostatic Lenses
[6] Lenses Formed from Three Diaphragms
[7] The Individual Parts of a Mass Spectrometer
[8] Electrostatic Lenses
[9] Appendix
[10] Manual for starting up the ion source
[11] Photographs of the equipment
[12] Suggestions for improvements (Feel free to add to this file and email to the professor)
These are instructions to labs not currently supervised by Georg Hoffstaetter.
Acoustics and Aeronautics
[AR-4] Instructions
Circuits
[C-1] Instructions
[C-7] Instructions
[C-8] Instructions
[C-10] Instructions
[C-13] Instructions
Physical Electronics
[E-4] Instructions
[E-5] Instructions
[E-10] Instructions
[E-15] Instructions
General
[G-7] Instructions
[G-7a] Instructions
[G-7b] Instructions
[G-8] Instructions
Heat
[H-4] Instructions
[H-5] Instructions
Nuclear
[N-0] Instructions
[N-1] Instructions
[N-2] Instructions
[N-4] Instructions
[N-12] Instructions
[N-16] Instructions
[N-17] Instructions
Optics
[O-4] Instructions
[O-14] Instructions
Spectroscopy
[S-2] Instructions
[S-4] Instructions
[S-6] Instructions
[S-7] Instructions
[S-9] Instructions
Solid State
[SS-6] Instructions
[SS-9] Instructions
[SS-10] Instructions
[SS-11] Instructions
[SS-13] Instructions
X-rays
[X-1] Instructions
[X-3] Instructions
[X-6] Instructions
[X-7] Instructions
[X-8] Instructions
Lab report
The structure of your lab report should follow these
guidelines:
1. Title
2. Author
3. Abstract
1. Describing the goal
of the experiment
2. The method used for
achieving it
3. A short
summary of the results
4. A
list of especially interesting findings
4. Introduction
1. Describing
the background of the topic being investigated. Why is the goal of the
experiment of interest?
2. How have similar
measurements been done in the past, why is it done again here?
3. Include general theory,
meaning theory that does not only apply to your experiment. For experiment 1,
for example, the introduction should mention Snell's law.
5. Theory
1. Review of the theory that
is used in the experiment. Here you should use some judgment on whether a
theory is very general and should be in the introduction, or whether it is more
special to the experiment, and should therefore be in this section. The theory
of Fresnel's equations is general and should be in the introduction. Brewster's
angle is a corollary of that theory and could therefore also be in the
introduction. However, you could also take the view that it is the specific
corollary that you use for experiment 2, and you could therefore put it into
this theory section.
2. Derivation of general
formulas that will be used. For experiment 1C, for example, this would include
the derivation of how n is related to the minimum angle of refraction. For
experiment 2, for example, the last equation in the manual with tan over sin to
get the difference between the phase advances in the overhead transparency
should be derived here. But as I said in class, it might be a challenge to
derive it without help, so you do not have to include a derivation. For this
time, just reference the lab manual. But describe well which angles have to be
used in for this formula.
6. Experimental setup and results
1. Graph of setup. For
experiment 1C, for example, you could describe how the prism is mounted and how
you measured the minimum angle.
2. Quantities measured'
3. Sources
of errors
4. Data
and their errors in graphs
5. Data
evaluation leading to the measurement result and its error estimate
6. Error
analysis. Complex formulas for the error analysis should be in an
appendix
7. Conclusion
1. Summary
of results
2. List of especially
interesting findings
3. Suggestion
of improvements or how to continue the work
8. Acknowledgments
Example paper
Wheeler's Rules of Writing
Quizzes and Final Exam
The advanced laboratory has no quizzes, but an oral final exam. Three experiments have to be performed and documented in 10 page, double-spaced reports.
Preparation
Prerequisite physics
courses at Cornell: Physics 2214 (or 3310 or 2360) plus Physics 3318 and
3327, or permission of instructor
List of math
courses at Cornell.
Mathematical topics that will be useful for this laboratory: Complex functions,
Taylor Series, Vectors, Fourier Series, Linear
algebra.
Grading
The laboratory reports are due before on the above specified days. They, together with laboratory performance, skill, etiquette and lecture participation, account for 85% of the grade. The grade of unexcused late reports will be reduced by 10% per day. The final exam is worth 15% and will cover the basics of the labs you performed and lecture material. Each laboratory report will be graded according to the following scheme: Each experiment will be separated into 5 sub-experiments, and for each sub-experiment 4 points can be obtained for "Theory", "Experimental Description", “Data Taking", and "Evaluation." In addition 10 points each can be obtained for "Performance in the lab" and for "Quality of the Report." This sums up to 100 points per report.
Academic integrity
Academic
Integrity is mandatory.
Basic principle: Do not pretend that the work or ideas of others are your own.
1) You may discuss the experiments with others.
2) You have to credit documents or people if you have used their ideas.
3) You may not copy equations, derivations, or text from other laboratory
reports.
Send comments to G. H. Hoffstaetter
Last Update: 02-12-2009